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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

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Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
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Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

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Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
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Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications
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Phenanthroline-A Versatile Ligand for Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials.

Hannah Rothfuss1,2, Nicolai D Knöfel3, Pavleta Tzvetkova4

  • 1Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new polymers with phenanthroline ligands for advanced macromolecular structures. These polymers can form single-chain nanoparticles with transition metals or luminescent materials with lanthanide ions.

Keywords:
N ligandscopolymerizationlanthanidesnanoparticlessupramolecular chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Phenanthroline ligands are crucial for metal coordination in advanced materials.
  • Developing polymers with controlled metal-binding capabilities is essential for functional macromolecular architectures.
  • Existing methods for incorporating complex ligands into polymers can be challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel phenanthroline-containing monomers for polymer construction.
  • To explore the copolymerization of these monomers for creating functional polymers.
  • To demonstrate the application of these polymers in forming metal-containing macromolecular structures.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of acrylate and styrene-based phenanthroline monomers.
  • Nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) for controlled copolymerization.
  • Characterization using diffusion-ordered NMR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, photophysical experiments, and 2D NMR.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized phenanthroline-containing acrylate and styrene monomers.
  • Produced narrowly distributed polar and non-polar copolymers via NMP.
  • Demonstrated transition metal-induced single-chain nanoparticle formation with polar copolymers.
  • Created luminescent metallo-polymers by incorporating lanthanide ions into non-polar copolymers.

Conclusions:

  • Established a versatile method for incorporating phenanthroline ligands into polymers.
  • Showcased the utility of these polymers for constructing metal-complexing macromolecular systems.
  • Highlighted the potential for creating advanced functional materials like nanoparticles and luminescent polymers.