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Preventing river drowning deaths: Lessons from coronial recommendations.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Injury Prevention
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Rivers are the leading location for drowning incidents in Australia.
  • Coronial data offers insights into drowning causes and prevention strategies.
  • Coroners can issue recommendations to prevent future drowning events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine coronial recommendations for unintentional fatal river drownings in Australia.
  • To analyze these recommendations from an injury prevention perspective.
  • To assess the alignment of recommendations with the Hierarchy of Controls and SMART principles.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of river drowning cases and coronial recommendations from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) (2002-2012).
  • Thematic analysis of recommendations, coded using the Hierarchy of Controls and a modified SMART principle.
  • Statistical analysis to identify factors associated with recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Only 7.9% of 730 river drowning cases resulted in 71 unique recommendations.
  • Victorian cases and multiple fatality events were more likely to have recommendations.
  • Recommendations predominantly focused on administrative controls (67.6%) and signage (18.3%), often low on the Hierarchy of Controls.

Conclusions:

  • Coronial recommendations for river drowning prevention in Australia are infrequent.
  • Recommendations could be more effective if they included specified timeframes and higher-order control strategies.
  • SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) coronial recommendations may enhance behavioral and societal change for drowning prevention.