SEM-Raman image cytometry of cells

Correlative and integrated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman micro-spectroscopy is presented that enables the characterization and identification of different cancer and non-cancer cells through SEM-Raman image cytometry. The hybrid microscopy system enables the acquisition of high resolution SEM images of uncoated cells and the spatial correlation with chemical information as obtained from Raman micro-spectroscopic imaging. A sample preparation protocol and a workflow are presented that are compatible with the demands of hybrid SEM-Raman microscopy. Stainless steel cell substrates were used that are both conductive and give a low optical response in Raman scattering. Correlative and integrated SEM-Raman micro-spectroscopy is illustrated with cells from blood and cells from a SKBR-3 breast cancer cell line.