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An increasing function exhibits a rise in output values as input values increase. This behavior is depicted graphically as a curve or line that slopes upward from left to right. Such a function satisfies the condition that if x1 < x2, then f(x1) < f(x2), indicating that the function values grow with increasing inputs. This concept is fundamental in understanding growth trends across various domains, such as population dynamics, financial investments, or resource consumption.The...
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Decrease in Incidence of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer Before Recent Increase.

Caitlin C Murphy1, Amit G Singal1, John A Baron1

  • 1Departments of Clinical Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Gastroenterology
|August 31, 2018
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Summary
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Colorectal cancer incidence in young adults decreased until 1990, then increased, suggesting early life exposures may drive rising rates in younger populations.

Keywords:
Birth CohortColorectal NeoplasiaIncidenceYoung Adult

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rising in adults under 50.
  • Historical trends showed decreasing CRC rates in younger populations until the 1990s.
  • Recent data indicate a concerning increase in CRC among younger demographics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in young-onset colorectal cancer incidence.
  • To identify potential contributing factors, such as birth cohort effects.
  • To inform future research on early life exposures and CRC risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.
  • Analyzed incidence rates of colorectal cancer in individuals under 50 years old.
  • Examined trends from 1975 to the present, noting changes over time and by age group.

Main Results:

  • Young-onset colorectal cancer incidence rates declined from 1975 to approximately 1990.
  • This decline was more pronounced in colon cancer compared to rectal cancer.
  • Following 1990, incidence rates began to increase, varying by time period and age group.

Conclusions:

  • The observed inflection point suggests a significant birth cohort effect.
  • Early life exposures, accumulated over a lifetime, may be linked to increased CRC risk.
  • Further research into exposures for individuals born after 1960 is crucial for understanding rising CRC rates.