Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery
Published on: January 19, 2022
Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery for Sacrocolpopexy: A Pilot Study of 26 Cases
Juan Liu1, Jaden Kohn2, Huaying Fu1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, (Drs. Liu, Fu, X. Guan and Zhenkun Guan).
Study Objective:
To describe the surgical technique and short-term outcomes for 26 cases of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP).
Design:
Retrospective case series study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
Setting:
Academic tertiary care university hospital in Guangdong, China.
Patients:
Women diagnosed with stages II to IV POP between May 2017 and May 2018.
Interventions:
vNOTES sacrocolpopexy.
Measurements And Main Results:
A total of 26 patients were identified. vNOTES sacrocolpopexy was standardized after case 4, and 23 cases were completed successfully. Operative duration was a median of 184 minutes (interquartile range, 158.5-202.5), and mean estimated blood loss was 30.87 ± 20.8 mL. Mean pre- and postoperative POP Quantification System scores for the Aa point were, respectively, 1.4 ± 1.7 cm (range, -2 to 3) versus -1.85 ± .6 cm (p <.0001) and for the C point were 2.2 ± 1.9 cm (range, -1 to 5) versus -6.1± .7 cm (p <.0001). Mean pre- and postoperative Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire scores were 163.1 ± 46.2 versus 18.4 ± 29.3 (p <.0001). These suggest significant improvements in both physical prolapse and quality of life at 1 month after surgery. There were no complications of mesh exposure, pain, hematoma, infection, or new urinary incontinence.
Conclusion:
vNOTES is a feasible approach for sacrocolpopexy, with promising short-term efficacy and safety data. Larger studies across multiple sites and surgeons should evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety profile of vNOTES sacrocolpopexy.
Related Concept Videos
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due...
Pilot and Numeric Relaying
What is Natural Selection?
Nature and Nurture
Chirality in Nature

