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Hepatitis A infection in New Zealand children

M I Tobias, J Miller, I K Mushahwar

    The New Zealand Medical Journal
    |July 9, 1986
    PubMed

    Insights

    Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection prevalence was 15.4% in New Zealand youth (0-21 years) in 1978-79. Higher rates were found in Māori children and those in the northern North Island.

    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a significant public health concern.
    • Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of HAV infection is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the prevalence of past hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection among children and young people in New Zealand.
    • To investigate demographic and geographic disparities in HAV infection rates within this population.

    Main Methods:

    • Assayed 2000 serum samples collected nationwide in 1978-79 for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV).
    • Analyzed sera from individuals aged 0-21 years across all New Zealand health districts.
    • Calculated prevalence rates, age-standardized rates, and risk ratios stratified by sex, ethnicity, and geographic region.

    Main Results:

    • Overall prevalence of anti-HAV was 15.4% (307/2000).
    • Prevalence increased with age through childhood and adolescence.
    • Significantly higher age-standardized prevalence in Māori (39.5%) compared to Europeans (16.1%), with a risk ratio of 2.1.
    • A marked north-south gradient observed: northern North Island children (19.8%) had a 3.8 times higher risk ratio than South Island children (5.2%).
    • No significant sex differential in prevalence was found.

    Conclusions:

    • Hepatitis A infection demonstrated significant ethnic and geographic disparities in New Zealand youth during 1978-79.
    • Māori children and those residing in the northern North Island exhibited substantially higher infection rates.
    • These findings highlight the need for geographically and ethnically targeted public health interventions for hepatitis A.

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