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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
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The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
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Cardiac arrest after ibogaine intoxication.

Christian Steinberg1, Marc W Deyell1

  • 1Heart Rhythm Services Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada.

Journal of Arrhythmia
|September 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ibogaine, a psychoactive drug, can cause severe heart rhythm problems, mimicking Long-QT syndrome. This case highlights the critical cardiac risks associated with high ibogaine doses.

Keywords:
delayed QT recoverydrug‐induced QT prolongationibogainelong‐QTventricular arrhythmia

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Ibogaine is a psychoactive substance derived from the iboga plant, often anecdotally associated with anti-addiction effects.
  • The cardiac safety profile of ibogaine, particularly at high doses, remains a significant concern.

Observation:

  • A 61-year-old male patient ingested a high dose of ibogaine (65-70 mg/kg).
  • The patient presented with marked QT interval prolongation and ventricular flutter at 270 bpm, necessitating defibrillation.
  • This clinical presentation mimicked Torsades de Pointes associated with Long-QT syndrome.

Findings:

  • The ingested ibogaine dose is the highest survived dose reported in medical literature.
  • The patient's cardiac rhythm normalized after 7 days, attributed to ibogaine's prolonged plasma half-life.
  • Massive QT prolongation and ventricular flutter were directly linked to ibogaine intoxication.

Implications:

  • High-dose ibogaine ingestion poses a substantial risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Clinicians should be aware of ibogaine's potential to induce severe cardiotoxicity, including pseudo-Long-QT syndrome.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the electrophysiological effects of ibogaine and establish safer treatment protocols.