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Related Concept Videos

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
Proteins...
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Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
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What are Cells?01:07

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Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Chemistry of the Cell

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The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
Water
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Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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[Basal cell carcinoma: about a historical case].

Mohamed El Amraoui1, Mohammed Boui1

  • 1Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.

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Summary

An 80-year-old man developed a rapidly progressing, ulcero-necrotic tumor of the nasal root and orbit. This case highlights aggressive basal cell carcinoma in a high-risk naso-orbital location.

Keywords:
Basal cell carcinomainfiltratingnaso-orbital

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) typically has a good prognosis due to slow, localized growth.
  • However, aggressive subtypes can occur, particularly in high-risk areas like the naso-orbital region.
  • These aggressive forms can lead to rapid, devastating local invasion and significant functional impairment.

Observation:

  • An 80-year-old male presented with a 2.5-year history of a bleeding papule on the nasal root that evolved into an ulcero-necrotic tumor.
  • The tumor infiltrated the nasal root and right orbit, causing total destruction of the right eye and confirmed naso-orbital bone invasion.

Findings:

  • Clinical and histological examination confirmed an infiltrating basal cell carcinoma.
  • Despite the generally favorable prognosis of BCC, this case demonstrated rapid, destructive progression and mutilation.

Implications:

  • Aggressive, infiltrative basal cell carcinoma in the naso-orbital region poses significant management challenges.
  • This case underscores the potential for devastating aesthetic and functional impairment from BCC in high-risk areas, even in elderly patients.