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Identifying neoantigens for use in immunotherapy.
Sharon Hutchison1, Antonia L Pritchard2
1Genetics and Immunology Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, An Lòchran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK.
Summary
Cancer neoantigens, arising from tumor mutations, can trigger immune responses for tumor cell clearance. Targeting these neoantigens shows promise for cancer immunotherapy, especially in cancers with frequent mutations.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Genomics
Background:
- Cancer cells possess unique antigens due to genomic alterations.
- Neoantigens, arising from cancer-specific mutations, can elicit anti-tumor immune responses.
- The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy often correlates with the immune response to neoantigens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review cancer antigens, focusing on neoantigens.
- To discuss the role of neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy.
- To explore advancements in neoantigen prediction and identification.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on cancer antigens and immunogenomics.
- Analysis of technological advancements in neoantigen discovery.
- Assessment of algorithms for predicting neoantigen formation and immunogenicity.
Main Results:
- Neoantigens are critical targets for effective cancer immunotherapy.
- Technological progress has significantly increased the identification and confirmation of neoantigens.
- Predictive algorithms for neoantigen formation and processing are improving.
- Only a subset of cancer mutations yield targetable neoantigen epitopes.
- Higher mutation rates in cancer correlate with greater potential for neoantigen-based therapies.
Conclusions:
- Neoantigens hold significant potential for cancer treatment, alone or in combination therapies.
- Further advancements will enhance the clinical application of neoantigen-targeted immunotherapies.
- Cancers with higher somatic variant frequencies may benefit more from neoantigen-based strategies.
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