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Non-communicable disease prevention policy process in five African countries
Pamela A Juma1, Shukri F Mohamed2, Beatrice L Matanje Mwagomba3
1African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya. atienopam@yahoo.com.
BMC Public Health
|September 1, 2018
Summary
Sub-Saharan African countries are developing non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention policies, but implementation faces challenges. Enhanced political will and resources are crucial for effective NCD risk factor control.
Area of Science:
- Public Health Policy
- Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Prevention
- Health Systems Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa
Background:
- Sub-Saharan Africa faces a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), straining already limited healthcare resources.
- Key NCD risk factors include tobacco use, unhealthy diets, harmful alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity.
- Countries are actively developing policies to mitigate these NCD risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the NCD prevention policy development process in five African nations: Kenya, South Africa, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Malawi.
- To assess the extent of implementation of World Health Organization (WHO) "best buy" interventions for NCD prevention.
Main Methods:
- A multiple case study design was employed, with each country analyzed as a distinct case.
- Data collection involved comprehensive document reviews and key informant interviews with national decision-makers.
- Thematic analysis was conducted using the Walt and Gilson policy analysis framework, examining context, content, processes, and actors.
Main Results:
- Policy development for NCD prevention has been slow and inconsistent across countries, with tobacco control progressing faster in some nations.
- While existing tobacco and alcohol policies partially address WHO "best buy" interventions, unhealthy diet and physical activity policies are less developed.
- Implementation of recently developed NCD strategic plans is hindered by insufficient political commitment, resources, technical capacity, and industry influence.
Conclusions:
- Global and local factors significantly influence NCD prevention policy development in African nations.
- Despite the will to create policies, significant implementation gaps persist, requiring enhanced country-level commitment.
- Strengthening policy development requires addressing political support, resource allocation, and local data availability for monitoring impacts.
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