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Epistaxis01:30

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
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Rhinoscleroma.

Brandon Umphress1, Kirtee Raparia1

  • 1From the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Umphress); and the Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara, California (Dr Raparia).

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|September 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rhinoscleroma, a rare upper respiratory infection caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, requires prompt recognition due to potentially severe outcomes. Early diagnosis and treatment, though challenging, are crucial for managing this infectious granulomatous disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Rhinoscleroma is a rare, chronic granulomatous disease affecting the upper respiratory tract.
  • It is caused by the gram-negative bacillus Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis.
  • While the nasopharynx is the most common site, other locations can be affected.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a literature review of reported rhinoscleroma cases over the past five years.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing rhinoscleroma, especially in non-endemic regions.
  • To discuss the clinical presentation, management, and prognosis of rhinoscleroma.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of published rhinoscleroma cases was performed using PubMed.
  • Literature review focused on cases reported within the last five years.
  • Data extraction and synthesis of relevant clinical information.

Main Results:

  • Rhinoscleroma is exceptionally rare in non-endemic areas, but increased global travel necessitates awareness.
  • Symptoms can be severe and potentially fatal if not recognized and treated.
  • While the nasopharynx is typical, unusual sites like the trachea can be involved.

Conclusions:

  • Rhinoscleroma management involves antibiotics and surgical intervention.
  • Despite treatment, high recurrence rates remain a significant challenge.
  • Increased global mobility underscores the need for heightened clinical suspicion in diverse populations.