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Muscular cramp: causes and management.

M Swash1,2, D Czesnik3, M de Carvalho2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Royal London Hospital and Barts and the London School of Medicine, QMUL, London, UK.

European Journal of Neurology
|September 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Muscle cramps are common in healthy individuals, particularly the elderly and athletes. Despite associations with neurological disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, their exact cause and effective treatments remain unclear.

Keywords:
amyotrophic lateral sclerosisinvoluntary muscle contractionmuscle crampneurogenic and myopathic disordersspontaneous muscle hyperactivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Muscular cramp is a prevalent symptom in both healthy individuals and those with neurological conditions.
  • It is notably associated with benign neurological syndromes and chronic neurogenic disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse clinical associations of muscular cramp.
  • To explore the neurophysiological basis of cramping, incorporating recent advancements in membrane physiology and motor neuron excitability.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • The review focused on understanding cramp's clinical associations and neurophysiological underpinnings.

Main Results:

  • Muscular cramp presents in various clinical contexts, from healthy individuals post-exercise to specific neurological diseases.
  • The neurophysiological mechanisms, particularly concerning membrane physiology and motor neuron excitability, are complex and not fully elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • While cramp is common and linked to serious conditions, many aspects remain poorly understood.
  • Further research is necessary to clarify the pathophysiology, and current therapeutic interventions are limited.