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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Dynamic Adhesion Assay for the Functional Analysis of Anti-adhesion Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Early-onset paediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

James J Ashton1, Sarah Ennis2, R Mark Beattie3

  • 1Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK; Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health
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Early-onset pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising globally. This lifelong condition impacts nutrition and well-being, with complex genetic causes and uncertain treatment outcomes requiring multidisciplinary care.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Autoimmune Diseases in Children

Background:

  • Early-onset pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diagnosed before age 10, is increasingly prevalent worldwide.
  • This lifelong condition presents complex, multifactorial origins, significantly affecting a child's nutrition and psychological health.
  • Over 200 genes are implicated in IBD, with 52 known to cause monogenic forms often appearing in infancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of early-onset pediatric IBD, including its genetic basis, clinical characteristics, and management challenges.
  • To highlight the increasing incidence and severity of early-onset IBD compared to infantile- and adult-onset forms.
  • To discuss the complexities in managing growth, puberty, and transition to adult care for these young patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of early-onset pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Analysis of genetic factors, including heritability and specific gene effects.
  • Examination of current treatment modalities and their efficacy in pediatric populations.

Main Results:

  • Early-onset IBD is characterized by a potentially higher genetic heritability and a greater severity than other forms of the disease.
  • Long-term morbidity associated with early-onset IBD remains largely unassessed.
  • The effectiveness of advanced therapies like monoclonal antibodies in early-onset IBD requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Early-onset pediatric IBD presents unique genetic and clinical challenges, demanding specialized, multidisciplinary care.
  • Effective management requires addressing nutritional, psychological, and developmental needs alongside disease control.
  • Further research is crucial to assess long-term outcomes and optimize treatment strategies for this growing patient population.