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Diagnosis, management and pathophysiology of central sleep apnea in children

Anya T McLaren1, Saadoun Bin-Hasan2, Indra Narang3

  • 1Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|September 2, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Central sleep apnea (CSA) affects 1-5% of healthy children, and is more common in those with underlying conditions. Early diagnosis and tailored management, including ventilation or surgery, improve outcomes for pediatric CSA.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Central sleep apnea (CSA) affects 1-5% of healthy children.
  • CSA prevalence increases significantly in children with underlying medical conditions.
  • The presence of CSA can impact disease progression in pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, prevalence, and diagnosis of central sleep apnea in children.
  • To outline a management algorithm for pediatric CSA, considering healthy children and those with comorbidities.
  • To emphasize the importance of early screening and diagnosis for high-risk pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on pediatric central sleep apnea.
  • Classification of CSA based on hypercapnia and associated conditions.
  • Development of a management algorithm for pediatric CSA.

Main Results:

  • CSA is classified by hypercapnia and underlying etiology.
  • Management strategies for pediatric CSA are patient-specific.
  • Treatment options include medication, non-invasive ventilation, and surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of pediatric CSA is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Tailored management plans are essential for improving outcomes in children with CSA.
  • Screening high-risk children can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
Central sleep apneaChildrenHypoventilationSleep disordered breathing

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