Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

14.0K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
14.0K
In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation01:10

In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation

350
In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
350
The Dot Product01:26

The Dot Product

263
Measuring how one directional quantity affects another along a specific path involves comparing their orientation and strength. When two such quantities are represented using direction and amount, a numerical result is computed to show how much one acts along the path of the other. This result comes from a rule combining both inputs' horizontal and vertical parts and adding the results.This calculation gives a single value that grows larger when both inputs point in similar directions and...
263
Dot Product01:29

Dot Product

981
The dot product is an essential concept in mathematics and physics.
In engineering, the dot product of any two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It is denoted by a dot symbol between the two vectors.
Consider a vehicle pulling an object along the ground using a rope. If the rope makes an angle with the horizontal axis, the work done can be calculated using the dot product of the force applied and the object's displacement.
The dot...
981
Increasing Function01:18

Increasing Function

397
An increasing function exhibits a rise in output values as input values increase. This behavior is depicted graphically as a curve or line that slopes upward from left to right. Such a function satisfies the condition that if x1 < x2, then f(x1) < f(x2), indicating that the function values grow with increasing inputs. This concept is fundamental in understanding growth trends across various domains, such as population dynamics, financial investments, or resource consumption.The...
397
Dot Product: Problem Solving01:21

Dot Product: Problem Solving

720
The dot product is a powerful tool in problem-solving involving vectors, given that the dot product of two vectors is the product of their magnitudes and the cosine of the angle between them measured anti-clockwise. Solving problems involving the dot product requires understanding its properties and developing a step-by-step process to solve them. Here are the main steps to follow when solving any general problem involving the dot product:
Identify the problem: Start by reading the problem and...
720

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Editorial: Climate change anxiety.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Are we attending to climate change? A systematic review of the cognitive science literature.

Cognitive processing·2025
Same author

No change in electrocortical measures of performance monitoring in high trait anxious individuals following multi-session attention bias modification training.

Neuroimage. Reports·2025
Same author

Neural pathways to resilience: Leveraging neuroscience to understand and mitigate eco-anxiety.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2025
Same author

Addressing blinding in classic psychedelic studies with innovative active placebos.

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology·2025
Same author

Perceived Impact of Psychedelics on Sexual, Gender, and Intimate Relationship Dynamics: A Mixed-Methods Investigation.

Journal of sex research·2025
Same journal

Higher- and lower-level processing in strategic reading: Reconceptualising the Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS).

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

More caution or more lenient: deciphering the role of negative affect in recognition and inference.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

Cognitive offloading, critical thinking and attitudes towards artificial intelligence in the era of ChatGPT: a comparative study of artificial intelligence-assisted and manual task performance in young adults.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

Emojis vs. black-and-white and colored drawings: comparing living and non-living things in oral naming.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

The impact of facial expressions on space- and object-based attention by gaze cues.

Cognitive processing·2026
Same journal

Feature interaction in metaphor aptness: the impact of topic-and-vehicle applicable features and semantic distances.

Cognitive processing·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task
10:36

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task

Published on: June 15, 2015

21.6K

Extended testing with the dot-probe task increases test-retest reliability and validity.

Jacob S Aday1,2, Joshua M Carlson3

  • 1Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA. aday1js@cmich.edu.

Cognitive Processing
|September 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extended dot-probe task (DPT) testing with personalized stimuli improved reliability and validity. This method enhances attentional bias measurement, correlating better with anxiety over time.

Keywords:
AnxietyAttention biasDot-probe taskTarget locationTest–retest reliability

More Related Videos

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
08:40

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.9K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task
10:36

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task

Published on: June 15, 2015

21.6K
Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
08:40

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.9K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychometric Evaluation
  • Anxiety Research

Background:

  • The dot-probe task (DPT) is a common tool for assessing attentional bias towards threat.
  • Concerns exist regarding the test-retest reliability and validity of the standard DPT.
  • Previous research has not extensively explored extended testing durations or personalized stimuli for the DPT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if extended testing sessions and personalized, self-relevant stimuli enhance the reliability and validity of the DPT.
  • To examine the relationship between attentional bias indices, state anxiety, and trait anxiety over multiple sessions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed 6 sessions of a DPT using personalized anxiety-related and neutral words.
  • Attentional bias indices were calculated for each session.
  • Test-retest reliability of bias indices was assessed.
  • Correlations between bias indices, state anxiety, and trait anxiety were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Test-retest reliability of bias indices was higher for bottom-target trials and in later compared to earlier sessions.
  • State and trait anxiety showed moderate correlations with bias indices in later sessions.
  • Overall reaction time correlated moderately with state and trait anxiety across sessions.

Conclusions:

  • Extended DPT testing with personalized stimuli appears to improve its test-retest reliability and validity.
  • This modified approach may offer a more robust measure of attentional bias.
  • Findings support the utility of longer testing protocols and tailored stimuli in psychological assessments.