Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of intramedullary spinal hemangioblastomas

Spinal hemangioblastomas constitute 1.6-5.8% of all spinal cord tumors. Microsurgical excision of these tumors is challenging. The purpose of this study is to analyze the neurological improvement and long-term functional outcome of spinal hemangioblastomas. This retrospective study included 15 patients who underwent surgery for intramedullary spinal hemangioblastoma at the Department of Neurosurgery of Sri Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology from January 2001 to June 2014. Eight patients (53%) were diagnosed to have von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) disease. Eight (53%) of them were females, and seven were males (47%). Mean age was 33.8 years (16-55 years). Duration of illness ranged from 2 weeks to 4 years, and average duration was 10.5 months. Most common symptom was motor weakness followed by sensory disturbances, pain, and bladder incontinence. Six (85.7%) sporadic spinal hemangioblastomas were in McCormick grade I; whereas, 7 (87.5%) of vHL spinal hemangioblastomas were in grade II or above. In the immediate postoperative period, three patients noticed improvement in their motor weakness. Six patients (40%) experienced deterioration of preoperative neurological status in the immediate postoperative period. Three of them were sporadic tumors, and others had vHL syndrome. Favorable long-term outcome was achieved in 80% of cases. Though neurological deterioration is common after surgical resection of spinal hemangioblastomas, majority of them are reversible. Long-term functional outcome is favorable with minimal postoperative morbidities. Both sporadic- and vHL-associated tumors share common clinical and radiological features, and neurological outcome is equally good in both.