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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Noncoding RNAs in Cardiac Hypertrophy.

Yongqin Li1, Yajun Liang1, Yujiao Zhu1

  • 1Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|September 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Understanding ncRNA mechanisms offers new therapeutic strategies for heart failure.

Keywords:
Circular RNAs (circRNAs)Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)MicroRNAs (miRNAs)Pathological cardiac hypertrophyPhysiological cardiac hypertrophy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cardiac hypertrophy, a thickening of the heart muscle, is classified as either pathological or physiological.
  • Pathological hypertrophy is linked to heart failure, a major global health issue.
  • Physiological hypertrophy is an adaptive response that protects the heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cardiac hypertrophy.
  • To summarize the profiling, function, and molecular mechanisms of specific ncRNAs (microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs) in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
  • To examine microRNAs involved in physiological hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on ncRNAs and cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms and functional roles in cardiac remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Dysregulation of ncRNAs is increasingly associated with cardiac hypertrophy and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Specific ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are implicated in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Certain microRNAs are identified as key regulators of physiological hypertrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Noncoding RNAs are critical players in both pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Understanding the precise roles and mechanisms of ncRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy provides a foundation for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting specific ncRNAs presents promising avenues for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.