X-inactive-specific transcript: A long noncoding RNA with complex roles in human cancers
Zhi Yang1, Xiaodi Jiang2, Xiaofeng Jiang1
1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Abstract:
The X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST/Xist) is one of the first long non-coding RNAs discovered in mammals and plays an essential role in X chromosome inactivation. XIST is dysregulated and acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in different human malignancies. XIST is implicated in many aspects of carcinogenesis including tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle, stemness, autophagy, and drug resistance. This review focuses on research progress on the roles of XIST in tumor development. The multiple pathological functions of XIST in various cancers are systematically reviewed to elucidate the molecular basis of its biological roles and to provide new directions for future research.
Insights
The long non-coding RNA XIST plays a key role in X chromosome inactivation and is linked to cancer development. This review explores XIST
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Oncology
Background:
- The X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST/Xist) is a crucial long non-coding RNA in mammals, essential for X chromosome inactivation.
- XIST exhibits dysregulation in human cancers, functioning as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current research on the roles of XIST in tumor development.
- To systematically analyze the pathological functions of XIST across various cancers.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying XIST's biological roles in carcinogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific articles focusing on XIST and cancer.
- Systematic analysis of XIST's involvement in key cancer hallmarks.
- Synthesis of research findings to understand XIST's dual role in oncogenesis.
Main Results:
- XIST is implicated in multiple cancer-related processes: tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, stemness, autophagy, and drug resistance.
- The specific role of XIST (oncogene or tumor suppressor) varies depending on the cancer type.
- Dysregulation of XIST contributes significantly to the development and progression of various human malignancies.
Conclusions:
- XIST is a significant factor in cancer development, with diverse pathological functions.
- Understanding XIST's molecular basis in cancer provides potential avenues for future therapeutic strategies.
- Further research is warranted to fully elucidate XIST's complex roles in different cancer contexts.
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