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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.8K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

156.7K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

14.0K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
14.0K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

35.7K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.7K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.8K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.8K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

9.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Computational Pipeline for Analyzing Chimeric Noncoding RNA-Target RNA Interactions in High-Throughput Sequencing Data
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Author Spotlight: A Computational Pipeline for Analyzing Chimeric Noncoding RNA-Target RNA Interactions in High-Throughput Sequencing Data

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X-inactive-specific transcript: A long noncoding RNA with complex roles in human cancers.

Zhi Yang1, Xiaodi Jiang2, Xiaofeng Jiang1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Gene
|September 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The long non-coding RNA XIST plays a key role in X chromosome inactivation and is linked to cancer development. This review explores XIST

Keywords:
CancerLong non-coding RNAOncogeneTumor suppressorX chromosome inactivationXIST

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Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST/Xist) is a crucial long non-coding RNA in mammals, essential for X chromosome inactivation.
  • XIST exhibits dysregulation in human cancers, functioning as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current research on the roles of XIST in tumor development.
  • To systematically analyze the pathological functions of XIST across various cancers.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying XIST's biological roles in carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles focusing on XIST and cancer.
  • Systematic analysis of XIST's involvement in key cancer hallmarks.
  • Synthesis of research findings to understand XIST's dual role in oncogenesis.

Main Results:

  • XIST is implicated in multiple cancer-related processes: tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, stemness, autophagy, and drug resistance.
  • The specific role of XIST (oncogene or tumor suppressor) varies depending on the cancer type.
  • Dysregulation of XIST contributes significantly to the development and progression of various human malignancies.

Conclusions:

  • XIST is a significant factor in cancer development, with diverse pathological functions.
  • Understanding XIST's molecular basis in cancer provides potential avenues for future therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate XIST's complex roles in different cancer contexts.