Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Biophysical Assays for Characterizing PROTACS Ternary Complexes
Published on: January 12, 2024
Formation and evaluation of casein-gum arabic coacervates via pH-dependent complexation using fast acidification
Yong Li1, Xiyue Zhang1, Na Sun1
1National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
Abstract:
The formation of complex coacervation using fast acidification at 25 °C for 0.5 h between casein (CAS) and gum arabic (GA) was investigated by turbidity, particle size distribution (PSD), zeta potential (ZP), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). When the mass ratio of CAS and GA was 1:1 and the total biopolymer concentration (CT) was 0.5% (w/v), an optimum pH (pHopt) of complex coacervation was found at pH 3.5. Particle size distribution (PSD) of homogenous CAS and GA solutions, and mixture solution of CAS-GA at critical pH values revealed the association and disassociation processes during complex coacervation. Meanwhile, ZP and FTIR spectra analyses indicated that the complexation between CAS and GA was ascribed to electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The CAS-GA coacervates were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two XRD peaks (2θ = 8° and 23°) differing from CAS and GA indicated the characteristic of CAS-GA coacervates. Moreover, the thermal stability of CAS-GA coacervates was superior to CAS and GA below 220 °C. The good performance of CAS-GA coacervates predicts a bright future in application of food and pharmacy industries.
Related Concept Videos
Formation of Complex Ions
Solution Formation
This selective...
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
In contrast, regions which code...
Frequency-dependent Selection
Fast Fourier Transform
The computational efficiency of the FFT becomes...

