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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

978
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Overview of Pulmonary Circulation01:19

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

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The pulmonary circulation is a vital system in our body that acts as a bridge between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It serves as a transport network for deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then returns oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
The process begins with the right ventricle of the heart pumping deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk. This large vessel extends about 5 centimeters before splitting into the left and right pulmonary arteries. These arteries...
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
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Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
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Pulmonary retransplantation.

Jun Yang1, Xufeng Pan1, Shijie Fu1

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.

Journal of Thoracic Disease
|September 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lung retransplantation, while increasing, carries higher risks than primary transplants. Key reasons include bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and graft failure, impacting survival rates for lung transplant patients.

Keywords:
Lungretransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiothoracic surgery
  • Transplantation medicine
  • Pulmonary medicine

Background:

  • Lung retransplantation is a growing procedure due to the increasing volume of primary lung transplants.
  • However, lung retransplantation is associated with inferior operative risk and survival outcomes compared to primary lung transplantation.
  • Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), early graft failure, and irreversible airway complications are primary indications for retransplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of lung retransplantation.
  • To review factors influencing the prognosis of lung retransplantation based on existing literature.
  • To present preliminary experience from Shanghai Chest Hospital regarding lung retransplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of previous publications on lung retransplantation.
  • Analysis of prognostic factors affecting lung retransplantation outcomes.
  • Retrospective review of four lung retransplantation cases at Shanghai Chest Hospital.

Main Results:

  • Lung retransplantation demonstrates higher operative risks and lower survival rates than primary lung transplantation.
  • Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, early graft failure, and airway complications are significant challenges.
  • Preliminary data from Shanghai Chest Hospital is presented for review.

Conclusions:

  • Lung retransplantation remains a complex procedure with significant challenges impacting patient survival.
  • Understanding prognostic factors is crucial for improving outcomes in lung retransplantation.
  • Further experience and research are needed to optimize lung retransplantation strategies.