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Current methodologies for molecular screening of thyroid nodules.

Elisabetta Macerola1, Fulvio Basolo1

  • 1Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Gland Surgery
|September 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Molecular tests aid in classifying indeterminate thyroid nodules before surgery. While widely adopted, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm their clinical effectiveness for broader use.

Keywords:
Thyroid nodulesindeterminate nodulesmolecular markersmolecular teststhyroid cytology

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Cytopathology

Background:

  • Thyroid nodules are common, with a subset classified as indeterminate by cytology.
  • Current cytological analysis has limitations in definitively diagnosing indeterminate nodules.
  • Molecular tests offer a potential solution to improve presurgical risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and critically discuss available molecular tests for thyroid nodules.
  • To summarize the strengths and limitations of various molecular diagnostic methodologies.
  • To assess the current role and future potential of molecular diagnostics in thyroid nodule evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on molecular tests for thyroid cytology.
  • Analysis of different molecular testing platforms and their underlying technologies.
  • Critical evaluation of published data regarding the performance and clinical utility of these tests.

Main Results:

  • Several molecular tests exist, utilizing diverse methodologies for thyroid nodule analysis.
  • These tests have demonstrated potential in defining the nature of indeterminate nodules.
  • Each molecular test possesses unique strengths and limitations impacting its application.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular diagnostics are increasingly accepted in thyroid nodule management.
  • Existing molecular tests help overcome limitations of traditional cytological analysis.
  • Large prospective validation studies are essential to establish definitive clinical efficacy for widespread adoption.