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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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The ensemble diversity of non-coding RNA structure is lower than random sequence.

Walter N Moss1

  • 1Roy J. Carver Department of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

Non-Coding RNA Research
|September 4, 2018
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Summary

Functional RNAs exhibit lower structural ensemble diversity compared to mutants, suggesting a compact structure is an evolved trait. This characteristic is crucial for RNA function and stability.

Keywords:
RNase PRibozymeSRP RNAVault RNAY RNArRNAsnRNAsnoRNAtmRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • RNAs can adopt multiple conformations beyond the most energetically favorable structure.
  • These suboptimal RNA structures can be functionally relevant and populated.
  • Ensemble diversity quantifies the range of possible RNA structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether functional RNAs possess a distinct, compact structural ensemble.
  • To compare the ensemble diversity of native functional RNAs with computationally generated mutants.
  • To determine if reduced ensemble diversity is an evolved characteristic of functional RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of RNA partition function to estimate ensemble diversity.
  • Generation of point and scrambled mutants for 10 classes of functional RNAs.
  • Analysis of native and mutant RNA sequences from the RNAcentral database.

Main Results:

  • Native functional RNAs consistently showed lower ensemble diversity than their respective mutants.
  • This finding was robust across 10 different classes of functional RNAs.
  • Analysis of a large dataset (378,455 sequences) confirmed the lower diversity of native RNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Functional RNAs appear to have evolved to maintain a compact structural ensemble.
  • Reduced structural diversity may be essential for RNA stability and function.
  • The findings highlight the importance of structural ensemble properties in RNA biology.