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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

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The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
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Electron Carriers01:24

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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
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Related Experiment Video

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Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography
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Dual-layer spectral computed tomography: measuring relative electron density.

Kai Mei1, Sebastian Ehn2, Markus Oechsner3

  • 1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

European Radiology Experimental
|September 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual-layer computed tomography (DLCT) accurately estimates electron density for radiation therapy planning. This dual-energy CT technique shows high validity and potential to improve clinical electron density measurements.

Keywords:
Absorption (radiation)Dual-layer spectral computed tomographyElectronsRadiotherapyTomography (x-ray, computed)

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Accurate electron density estimation is crucial for radiation therapy planning.
  • Current methods require precise dose calculation to tumor regions.
  • Dual-layer computed tomography (DLCT) is a novel dual-energy CT technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of electron density measurement using DLCT.
  • To assess DLCT's potential in improving clinical electron density measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Scanned calibration phantoms using DLCT, generating virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at 50 keV and 200 keV.
  • Investigated two methods for relative electron density calculation: analytic cross-sectional model fitting and empirical calibration.
  • Validated methods without requiring knowledge of the emitted x-ray spectrum.

Main Results:

  • Both methods showed high correlation (R > 0.999) with nominal values.
  • Errors were within 1.79% (average 1.53%) for the cross-sectional model and 1.61% (average 0.87%) for the calibrated conversion, excluding water and lung inserts.
  • Radiation dose did not significantly influence measurements, indicating reproducibility.

Conclusions:

  • DLCT demonstrates high validity for electron density estimation.
  • This technique has the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of electron density measurements in clinical practice.