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The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution.  In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
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Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para...
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Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
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Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
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Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
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Analysis of Effect of Compound Salt Stress on Seed Germination and Salt Tolerance Analysis of Pepper Capsicum annuum L.
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Seleniranium and Telluriranium Salts.

Helmut Poleschner1, Konrad Seppelt1

  • 1Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New seleniranium and telluriranium salts were synthesized using bis(adamantylidene). These compounds, featuring bulky adamantylidene ligands, offer insights into the chemistry of heavier chalcogens.

Keywords:
ab initio calculationsheterocyclesseleniumstrained moleculestellurium

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Main Group Chemistry
  • Sulfur and Selenium Chemistry

Background:

  • Organoselenium and organotellurium compounds are crucial in various chemical applications.
  • The synthesis of stable, isolable heavy chalcogenonium salts presents a significant challenge.
  • Bulky ligands can stabilize reactive intermediates and unusual coordination geometries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel seleniranium and telluriranium salts.
  • To explore the reactivity of the bulky olefin bis(adamantylidene) with electrophilic selenium and tellurium reagents.
  • To investigate the structural and electronic properties of these unique chalcogen-containing compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of seleniranium and telluriranium salts via addition reactions to bis(adamantylidene).
  • Characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Electrospray Ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry.
  • Quantum chemical calculations and X-ray crystallography for structural elucidation.

Main Results:

  • Moderately stable seleniranium salts [Ad2SeR]+ X- (2-8) were successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • Unstable telluriranium salts [Ad2TeR]+ X- (9-12) were obtained under similar reaction conditions.
  • Crystal structures of representative seleniranium and telluriranium salts were determined, confirming their unique bonding.

Conclusions:

  • The bulky bis(adamantylidene) ligand facilitates the formation and isolation of seleniranium and telluriranium salts.
  • These findings expand the scope of known organochalcogenonium compounds.
  • The study provides valuable structural and electronic data for understanding heavy chalcogen chemistry.