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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
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Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
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Nursing Interventions I: Taxonomy of Nursing Interventions01:03

Nursing Interventions I: Taxonomy of Nursing Interventions

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Nursing interventions are chosen as part of the planning process to achieve patient outcomes. Once nursing diagnoses are determined, the goals and outcomes are specified, then the nursing interventions are selected and individualized according to the patient's situation.
A nursing intervention is a treatment or action based on scientific concepts and knowledge from the nursing, behavioral, and physical sciences. Identifying and prioritizing nursing interventions based on the desired outcome...
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Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions01:29

Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions

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Creating and executing a nursing diagnosis helps nurses plan care and guide patient, family, and community interventions. They are developed based on a patient's physical evaluation and support measuring the outcomes. It is not recommended to select random interventions throughout the planning process. Instead, consider the following six essential factors when choosing interventions:
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Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

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Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
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Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Making sleep easier: pharmacological interventions for insomnia.

Lukas Frase1, Christoph Nissen1,2, Dieter Riemann1

  • 1a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine , University of Freiburg , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|September 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Insomnia treatment guidelines recommend cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I) as the first-line approach. Pharmacotherapy is an option when CBT-I is ineffective or unavailable, with various drug classes reviewed for efficacy.

Keywords:
Hypnoticsantidepressantsbenzodiazepineschildrenelderlymedicationmelatoninpregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Insomnia is a prevalent condition requiring effective clinical management.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is the primary treatment.
  • Pharmacotherapy is a common alternative when CBT-I is not feasible or successful.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pharmacological principles of sleep regulation.
  • To summarize current guidelines and evidence for insomnia pharmacotherapy.
  • To discuss treatment variations in specific populations and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of guidelines and existing reviews on insomnia pharmacotherapy.
  • Analysis of physiological sleep regulation pathways.
  • Examination of drug classes including benzodiazepines, melatonin agonists, sedating antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihistamines, and orexin receptor antagonists.

Main Results:

  • Recommendations are formulated for the use of various pharmacological agents in insomnia disorder.
  • Treatment considerations for subpopulations like children, pregnant women, and the elderly are specified.
  • The review highlights the discrepancy between off-label drug use and evidence-based guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • Aligning clinical practice with scientific evidence is crucial for hypnotic drug use.
  • Further understanding of sleep regulation may lead to novel pharmacologic treatments.
  • Investigating subjective sleep disturbances could uncover new therapeutic pathways.