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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

Rational Higher-Order Belief Revision in Young Children.

Katherine Kimura¹, Alison Gopnik¹

¹University of California, Berkeley.

Child Development

|September 4, 2018

Summary

Preschoolers revise higher-order beliefs when conflicting evidence is strong and prior beliefs are weak. Young children

Area of Science:

Cognitive Development
Developmental Psychology
Belief Revision

Background:

Belief revision occurs at multiple levels, including higher-order beliefs.
The interaction between conflicting evidence and prior beliefs in higher-order belief revision is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how preschoolers respond to evidence that conflicts with their causal higher-order beliefs.
To determine the factors influencing higher-order belief revision in young children.

Main Methods:

Study involved 96 preschoolers aged 4 and 5 years.
Children were presented with evidence that directly conflicted with their prior causal higher-order beliefs.
The strength of prior beliefs and counterevidence was varied.

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Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

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Published on: June 12, 2017

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

Main Results:

Preschoolers largely maintained higher-order beliefs when a single event violated a strongly supported prior belief.
Children revised their higher-order beliefs when prior beliefs were weakly supported and counterevidence was stronger.

Conclusions:

Young children are capable of revising their higher-order beliefs.
Higher-order belief revision in preschoolers is dependent on the relative strengths of prior beliefs and incoming evidence.