Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice
Published on: November 24, 2020
Parametrial Endometriosis: The Occult Condition that Makes the Hard Harder
Mohamed Mabrouk1, Diego Raimondo2, Alessandro Arena2
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
Study Objective:
Despite the enormous impact of lateral parametrial endometriosis (LPE), only a few studies have evaluated its diagnosis, prevalence, and clinical features. Our aim was to estimate the intraoperative prevalence of LPE in patients affected by deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and to analyses clinical and surgical data associated with LPE.
Design:
Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
Setting:
Endometriosis tertiary level referral center, Sant'Orsola Academic Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Patients:
We included 1360 consecutive women submitted to surgery for DIE between 2007 and 2017. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence (study group, n = 231) or absence (control group, n = 1129) of LPE.
Intervention:
We retrospectively compared data records on the demographic features, preoperative data, and surgical outcomes of the 2 groups.
Measurements And Main Results:
The intraoperative prevalence of LPE was 17%. Preoperatively, LPE patients complained of having a more severe intensity of dysmenorrhea (p <.001), more frequent voiding symptoms (p <.001), and more constipation (p = .02). At surgery, significant correlations were found with rectovaginal septum, vaginal, rectal, and ureteral involvement (p <.001). LPE patients intraoperatively presented a concomitant posterior nodule with a larger transverse diameter (p <.001). The operation time and hospital stay were longer for patients with LPE. Postoperatively, the LPE group needed self-catheterization more often than the control group at discharge (p <.001) and at the 1-month follow-up evaluation (p = .001).
Conclusions:
LPE is a condition that reflects a more severe manifestation of endometriosis, requiring more aggressive surgery.
Related Concept Videos
Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate
Conditions on Early Earth
Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
Conditions of Equilibrium
Internal forces are not considered for conditions of equilibrium because they occur in equal and opposite pairs within the body, effectively canceling each other. As a result,...
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
Conditioned Taste Aversion
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single...

