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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

133.9K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

1.8K
The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
1.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

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Overview of Valence Bond Theory
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Covalent Bonds01:29

Covalent Bonds

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Overview
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Bond Energies and Bond Lengths02:49

Bond Energies and Bond Lengths

31.5K
Stable molecules exist because covalent bonds hold the atoms together. The strength of a covalent bond is measured by the energy required to break it, that is, the energy necessary to separate the bonded atoms. Separating any pair of bonded atoms requires energy — the stronger a bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
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Capillary Electrophoresis to Monitor Peptide Grafting onto Chitosan Films in Real Time
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Capillary Electrophoresis to Monitor Peptide Grafting onto Chitosan Films in Real Time

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Hydrogen bonding impact on chitosan plasticization.

Mingjie Chen1, Troy Runge2, Lingling Wang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China; Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|September 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycerol plasticizers make chitosan flexible by disrupting its hydrogen bonds. Unlike ionic liquids, glycerol

Keywords:
ChitosanGlycerolHydrogen bondIonic liquidsPlasticizer

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Chitosan, a natural polymer, is explored as a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers.
  • Chitosan's inherent rigidity and brittleness stem from its extensive intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bond network.
  • Plasticizers are hypothesized to enhance chitosan flexibility by disrupting these hydrogen bonds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the chitosan hydrogen bond network in its mechanical properties.
  • To compare the plasticization effects of glycerol and ionic liquids on chitosan films.
  • To elucidate the mechanism underlying chitosan plasticization at a molecular level.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative study of glycerol and ionic liquids as plasticizers for chitosan.
  • Assessment of film flexibility and mechanical properties.
  • Quantum chemistry calculations to analyze molecular interactions.

Main Results:

  • Glycerol effectively plasticized chitosan, yielding flexible films by disrupting the hydrogen bond network.
  • Ionic liquids, despite strong hydrogen bonding capabilities, failed to plasticize chitosan.
  • Molecular modeling revealed glycerol's single hydrogen bonding site and hydrophobic groups are key to its plasticizing efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Chitosan plasticization is more complex than simple hydrogen bond disruption.
  • Glycerol's unique molecular structure facilitates effective chitosan plasticization.
  • Understanding hydrogen bonding interactions is crucial for developing flexible chitosan-based materials.