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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications
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Chitosan composite microencapsulated comb-like polymeric phase change material via coacervation microencapsulation.

Xiaonan Huo1, Wei Li1, Yu Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|September 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces eco-friendly microencapsulated phase change materials (Micro/NanoPCMs) using chitosan and a novel polymer. The developed method offers enhanced thermal stability and efficiency for diverse applications.

Keywords:
ChitosanCoacervationComb-like polymerMicrocapsulePhase change material

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Microencapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) is crucial for thermal energy storage but often involves environmental concerns.
  • Developing sustainable and efficient encapsulation methods is essential for expanding PCM applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and discuss a novel, eco-friendly microencapsulation method for phase change materials (Micro/NanoPCMs).
  • To investigate the impact of core-shell ratios on the properties of Micro/NanoPCMs.
  • To explore the potential of these Micro/NanoPCMs in various applications, including medical treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Coacervation technique employed for the encapsulation process.
  • Selection of natural chitosan as shell material and a side-chain crystallizable comb-like polymer as core material.
  • Characterization of morphology and microstructure using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
  • Thermodynamic performance evaluation using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).

Main Results:

  • Encapsulation efficiency varied between 49.82% and 68.99%.
  • The microcapsules exhibited excellent thermal stability with a measured temperature of 243.2°C.
  • Morphology and thermal storage properties were significantly influenced by core-shell ratios.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, eco-friendly Micro/NanoPCM fabrication process utilizing natural materials was successfully developed.
  • The developed Micro/NanoPCMs demonstrate promising thermal storage properties and stability.
  • The natural-based encapsulation method offers a sustainable alternative with potential applications in fields like medical treatment.