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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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States of Matter01:20

States of Matter

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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Microcatheter navigation through the clot: does size matter?

Jildaz Caroff1,2, Robert M King1, Rose Arslanian1

  • 1Department of Radiology, New England Center for Stroke Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of Neurointerventional Surgery
|September 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choosing smaller microcatheters during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke significantly reduces distal emboli. This finding is crucial for improving patient outcomes in stroke treatment.

Keywords:
catheterdevicestroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendovascular interventions
  • Cerebrovascular disease research
  • Medical device engineering

Background:

  • Mechanical thrombectomy offers high recanalization rates for acute ischemic stroke but often yields suboptimal patient outcomes.
  • Factors influencing outcomes include time to recanalization, collateral status, anesthesia, blood pressure, and distal emboli.
  • Previous studies have characterized distal emboli during mechanical thrombectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of distal embolization during microcatheter navigation across clots.
  • To compare emboli generation using different microcatheter sizes during simulated clot crossing.

Main Methods:

  • An in vitro model with a contrast-enhanced clot analog mimicked middle cerebral artery occlusion.
  • Three microcatheters (Pro18, XT-27, 3MAX) were used to cross the clot.
  • Generated emboli were collected and measured for size and quantity.

Main Results:

  • Pro18 and XT-27 microcatheters generated significantly fewer large particles (≥500 µm) compared to 3MAX (P<0.003).
  • A trend suggested Pro18 produced fewer small particles (8-200 µm) than XT-27, though not statistically significant (P>0.05).
  • The clot crossing maneuver contributed approximately 12% of small emboli (<200 µm) during stent retriever thrombectomy.

Conclusions:

  • The microcatheter crossing technique significantly impacts the number of small emboli generated during mechanical thrombectomy.
  • Utilizing smaller microcatheter sizes is recommended to minimize distal embolization.