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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
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The Role of Culture01:23

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Culture plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and influencing thought and behavior, a foundational interest within social psychology. The multicultural perspective recognizes that individuals do not exist in a vacuum; instead, their experiences, perceptions, and actions are deeply influenced by the intersecting dimensions of their cultural, ethnic, and social group affiliations.Cultural Influence on Self-Identity and Social PerceptionCultural frameworks inform how individuals define...
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Role-based identities are central to understanding how individuals navigate social environments by adopting distinct self-conceptions aligned with various societal roles. These identities are not fixed traits but are constructed through personal actions and the social feedback individuals receive in context-specific interactions. Each social role, such as student, teacher, or friend, carries a set of expectations and norms that influence how people think, feel, and behave within that...
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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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MicroRNAs Role in Prostate Cancer.

Ovidiu Balacescu1, Ramona G Dumitrescu2, Catalin Marian3

  • 1Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New research highlights microRNAs (miRNAs) as promising biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. These small RNA molecules show potential for improving patient outcomes and guiding personalized therapies.

Keywords:
BiomarkersMicroRNAProstate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Prostate cancer remains a significant global health concern.
  • Current prostate cancer biomarkers have limitations in accuracy for diagnosis and prediction.
  • There is a critical need for novel, more precise prostate-specific biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for prostate cancer.
  • To investigate the role of miRNAs in prostate cancer biology and their therapeutic implications.
  • To assess the feasibility of current technologies for miRNA analysis in prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of miRNAs in prostate tissue, including fresh and archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples.
  • Detection of miRNAs in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine.
  • Utilizing analytical platforms like microarrays, next-generation sequencing, and real-time PCR.
  • Investigating miRNAs within prostasomes (secreted microvesicles) as potential biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are identified as potential biomarkers in prostate cancer tissues and biological fluids.
  • miRNAs demonstrate potential as therapeutic targets, improving diagnosis and prognosis.
  • miRNAs can predict response to personalized cancer therapy and patient prognosis.
  • Prostasomes contain miRNAs, offering another avenue for biomarker discovery.

Conclusions:

  • Current technologies are feasible for miRNA analysis in prostate cancer.
  • Understanding miRNA alterations in prostate tissue can lead to new therapeutic strategies.
  • miRNAs hold significant promise for advancing prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.