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Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause.

Sezcan Mumusoglu1, Bulent Okan Yildiz2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.

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|September 5, 2018
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Summary

Menopause increases the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women, impacting central obesity and potentially insulin resistance. Concomitant MetS during menopause elevates cardiovascular disease risk, but the link to type 2 diabetes mellitus is less clear.

Keywords:
Metabolic syndromePCOSandrogensinsulin resistancemenopausesurgical menopause.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, increasing risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Menopause is a significant factor contributing to the rising incidence of MetS in aging women.
  • The transition through menopause influences individual MetS components, affecting fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and blood pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multifaceted effects of menopause on the components of metabolic syndrome.
  • To examine the consequences of metabolic syndrome during the menopausal transition, particularly concerning cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • To explore the relationship between different types of menopause (natural vs. surgical) and metabolic syndrome incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on menopause, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Analysis of how menopausal status affects central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.
  • Evaluation of epidemiological data linking menopause and metabolic syndrome to CVD and T2DM risks.

Main Results:

  • Menopause exacerbates central obesity and may increase insulin resistance. Lipid changes are often weight-related, while the link to hypertension is inconclusive.
  • While natural menopause's direct link to T2DM is unclear, MetS presence and severity significantly increase T2DM risk.
  • Surgical menopause is strongly associated with a higher incidence of MetS. Women with PCOS show a normalized MetS risk compared to non-PCOS women during menopausal transition.

Conclusions:

  • Menopause significantly influences metabolic syndrome development and its components in women.
  • Metabolic syndrome during menopause is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Understanding these associations is vital for targeted interventions and managing women's health during and after menopause.