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Simple harmonic motion is the name given to oscillatory motion for a system where the net force can be described by Hooke's law. If the net force can be described by Hooke's law and there is no damping (by friction or other non-conservative forces), then a simple harmonic oscillator will oscillate with equal displacement on either side of the equilibrium position. To derive an equation for period and frequency, the equation of motion is used. The period of a simple harmonic oscillator is given...
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High-efficiency coherence-preserving harmonic rejection with crystal optics.

Fan Zhang1, Andrew J Allen1, Lyle E Levine1

  • 1Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|September 5, 2018
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Summary

A new X-ray optics scheme using silicon crystals effectively suppresses unwanted harmonic radiation by 10-10. This method preserves beam coherence, crucial for advanced synchrotron light sources and X-ray science applications.

Keywords:
SAXSXAFScoherent X-ray scatteringharmonic rejectionmonochromator

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Area of Science:

  • X-ray science
  • Synchrotron radiation
  • Crystal optics

Background:

  • Advanced X-ray facilities require high-purity radiation for scattering, spectroscopy, and imaging.
  • New diffraction-limited storage rings demand superior coherence preservation.
  • Conventional harmonic-rejection mirrors have limitations in effectiveness and coherence preservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel harmonic-rejection scheme for synchrotron X-ray sources.
  • To achieve high-fidelity harmonic suppression and maintain spatial coherence.
  • To provide a cost-effective and compact solution for X-ray optics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combination of a Si(111) monochromator and Si(220) harmonic-rejection crystal optics.
  • Theoretically and experimentally validated the performance with synchrotron undulator sources.
  • Tested the scheme at the Advanced Photon Source for various X-ray experiments.

Main Results:

  • Achieved harmonic X-ray transmission on the order of 10-6.
  • Demonstrated a total harmonic-to-fundamental flux ratio of approximately 10-10.
  • Preserved the spatial coherence of the fundamental X-ray beam while suppressing harmonics.

Conclusions:

  • The developed scheme offers superior harmonic rejection and coherence preservation compared to traditional mirrors.
  • It is suitable for both current and next-generation synchrotron light sources, particularly diffraction-limited storage rings.
  • The method is cost-effective, has a small footprint, and has been successfully applied in real-world X-ray experiments.