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Quantification of Urinary Loss in Nulliparous Athletes During 1 Hour of Sports Training
Keyla M Dos Santos1, Thuane Da Roza2, Soraia C Tonon da Luz2
1Center for Health and Sports Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Laboratory of Biomechanics, Rua Pascoal Simone, 358 Coqueiros, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88080-350, Brazil.
Background:
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a pelvic floor dysfunction that can affect nulliparous female athletes because of the effect of sports activities on pelvic floor muscles.
Objectives:
To verify and quantify urine loss in nulliparous athletes during 1 hour of sports training using a modified pad test protocol.
Design:
Cross-sectional.
Setting:
Secondary, institutional practice.
Participants:
Nulliparous athletes (N = 104).
Methods:
Athletes completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) and underwent a maximal resistance test of the abdominal muscles followed by the new modified pad test during 1 hour of training.
Outcomes:
Presence or absence of UI was the dependent variable; the initial hypothesis was that high-impact activities could lead to the development of UI.
Results:
Almost 52% of athletes (n = 54) self-reported UI according to the ICIQ-UI-SF score. Of athletes who reported stress or mixed UI (n = 32), only 43.7% (n = 14) had leakage during the training pad test. Interestingly, 24% of athletes (n = 12) who did not report UI had a positive pad test result. In total, 27.9% of athletes (n = 29) presented a positive pad test during the training. Mean urinary loss was 1.57 ± 0.4 g.
Conclusion:
Athletes did not seem to have a good knowledge of UI symptoms, and the modified pad test could be an alternative to quantify urine loss; however, it is necessary to perform accuracy tests. None of the athletes reported discomfort or decreased performance when performing the pad test.
Level Of Evidence:
II.
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