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Alternative cell line for virus isolation.

C D Smith, D W Craft, R S Shiromoto

    Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The A549 lung carcinoma cell line efficiently isolates adenoviruses and herpes simplex viruses (HSV). It is a practical and economical alternative for viral diagnostics, showing high susceptibility to these common respiratory and skin pathogens.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Cell Biology
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Viral isolation is crucial for diagnosing infectious diseases.
    • Established cell lines like HEK, CMK, MRC-5, and VMK are commonly used for viral culture.
    • Evaluating novel cell lines can improve diagnostic efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the susceptibility of the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line to viral growth against established cell lines.
    • To determine the efficiency of A549 cells in isolating specific viruses, including adenoviruses and herpes simplex viruses (HSV).

    Main Methods:

    • Phase 1: A549 cells were compared with human embryonic kidney (HEK) and cynomolgus monkey kidney (CMK) cells for isolating upper-respiratory viruses from 1,248 throat swabs.
    • Phase 2: A549 cells were compared with human diploid fibroblast (MRC-5) and Vero monkey kidney (VMK) cells for isolating HSV from 1,157 specimens.

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  • Viral isolates were identified and quantified based on successful growth in each cell line.

    • Main Results:

    • A549 cells demonstrated high efficiency in isolating adenoviruses (93.8%), polioviruses (not specified but implied high), and HSV (92.5%) compared to HEK, CMK, and MRC-5 cells.
    • A549 cells showed comparable susceptibility to HSV isolation as VMK cells (P > 0.1).
    • A slight decrease in adenovirus sensitivity and a change in cell morphology were noted at passage 120.

    Conclusions:

    • A549 cells are a highly efficient and practical alternative for isolating adenoviruses and HSV.
    • The cell line offers an economical option for viral diagnostics.
    • Further research is recommended to explore the potential of A549 cells for isolating other clinically significant viruses.