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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
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Chaos in homeostatically regulated neural systems.

Wilten Nicola1, Peter John Hellyer1, Sue Ann Campbell2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

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Homeostatic regulation in brain networks can paradoxically generate complex dynamics like chaos and oscillations. This finding reveals a new mechanism for rich brain activity, even under stability-preserving processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Dynamical Systems Theory

Background:

  • Brain activity exhibits low-dimensional yet complex dynamics, including oscillations and chaos, observed during various states like sleep and epilepsy.
  • A unifying mechanism explaining the emergence of these rich dynamics in neural networks remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of homeostatic regulation in the emergence of complex dynamics within Wilson-Cowan neural network models.
  • To explore whether homeostatic plasticity can generate or preserve a rich repertoire of network dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Wilson-Cowan network models, incorporating homeostatic regulation of firing rates.
  • Employed numerical simulations and analytical techniques to analyze network behavior.
  • Examined single nodes, pairs of nodes, and networks with experimentally derived coupling weights (fMRI).

Main Results:

  • Homeostatic regulation, when operating on a slower timescale than firing rates, paradoxically leads to rich dynamics, including mixed-mode oscillations and chaos.
  • Chaotic synchronization was observed in coupled network configurations.
  • Network dynamics were found to be synchronized with the behavior of single-node systems.

Conclusions:

  • Homeostatic plasticity is not merely a stabilizing mechanism but can actively generate complex neural dynamics.
  • These findings suggest that homeostatic regulation can preserve or even induce a rich dynamical repertoire in neural systems.
  • The study provides a potential mechanism for the emergence of complex brain dynamics observed in vivo.