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Snakebites and climate change in California, 1997-2017.

Caleb Phillips1, Grant S Lipman2, Hallam Gugelmann3

  • 1a Department of Computer Science , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA.

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|September 6, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

California venomous snakebite incidence is linked to weather patterns. Snakebite frequency decreased after drought periods and increased following precipitation events over a 20-year study.

Keywords:
Snakebiteclimateenvironmentincidencepoison control center

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • While climate change impacts on flora and fauna are documented, its effect on North American venomous snakebites remains unclear.
  • This study investigates the relationship between climate variations and venomous snakebite occurrences in California.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence of venomous snakebites in California.
  • To correlate snakebite data with weather patterns and climate change indicators.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 5365 venomous snakebite cases reported to the California Poison Control System from 1997 to 2017.
  • Snakebite data were aggregated by zip code and correlated with county-level weather data, including temperature and precipitation, alongside population and land characteristics.
  • Time series analysis, including decomposition, regression, and autocorrelation, was employed to assess climate variable associations.

Main Results:

  • Annualized snakebite incidence slightly decreased statewide when adjusted for population.
  • Snakebite incidence per million people increased after periods of no drought and decreased during drought.
  • A 10% increase in drought correlated with a 3.8% decrease in snakebite incidence, while a 10% increase in precipitation correlated with a 3.9% increase 18 months prior.

Conclusions:

  • Precipitation and drought patterns significantly predict snakebite incidence in California.
  • Snakebite frequency demonstrates a clear inverse relationship with drought and a positive relationship with precipitation.