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Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease distinguished by seasonal variation: an age-specific analysis

Yukie Ozeki1, Fumiya Yamada2, Akinobu Saito2

  • 1Division of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, Saitama Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.

Annals of Epidemiology
|September 6, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Kawasaki disease (KD) shows distinct seasonal patterns that vary by age. Infants under one year experience a sharp winter peak, while older children have different seasonal trends.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a critical pediatric illness.
  • Understanding its seasonal variations is key to identifying potential infectious agents.
  • Age-specific patterns in KD occurrence are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the seasonal variation of Kawasaki disease (KD).
  • To perform an age-specific analysis of KD incidence.
  • To clarify the distribution of potential infectious agents linked to KD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nationwide Kawasaki disease (KD) data from Japan (2003-2014).
  • Stratification of monthly patient numbers into specific age groups (infants, 1-year-olds, 2-4-year-olds).
  • Application of a 12-month moving average to analyze disease onset factors.

Main Results:

  • A pronounced winter peak in KD incidence was observed across all age groups, most notably in 1-year-olds.
  • Distinct seasonal plateaus were identified: March-May for 2-4-year-olds and June-August for infants (0-11 months).
  • Seasonal indices revealed age-dependent variations in KD occurrence patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Age-specific analysis of Kawasaki disease (KD) reveals significant differences in its seasonal occurrence.
  • These findings highlight distinct epidemiological patterns of KD across different pediatric age groups.
  • Further research can explore age-related infectious triggers for Kawasaki disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
EpidemiologyMucocutaneous lymph node syndromeSeasonal variation

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