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Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System
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The Intestinal Virome and Immunity.

Jessica A Neil1, Ken Cadwell2

  • 1Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
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The gut virome, comprising viruses in the digestive tract, significantly impacts immune responses and disease susceptibility. Understanding these viruses is key to unraveling host-microbiome interactions and their health implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The human microbiome influences immunity and disease, with a research focus on intestinal bacteria.
  • The gut virome, including viruses infecting microbes and hosts, also inhabits the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Recent research reveals complex host-animal virus interactions in the gut, impacting health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the components of the gut virome, focusing on mammalian viruses.
  • To explore the role of the gut virome in modulating host immune responses.
  • To discuss the virome's influence during both health (homeostasis) and disease states.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on the gut virome.
  • Analysis of viral communities within the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Examination of host-virus interactions and their immunological consequences.

Main Results:

  • The gut virome is a diverse community of viruses with significant interactions with the host.
  • Mammalian viruses in the gut can influence host immunity both locally and systemically.
  • These viral interactions contribute to interindividual variation in immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • The gut virome plays a critical role in host immunity and disease susceptibility.
  • Understanding the gut virome is essential for comprehending host-microbiome dynamics.
  • Further research into the gut virome can reveal new therapeutic targets for immune-related diseases.