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Related Concept Videos

Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

45.0K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

1.1K
The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles

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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Hair strands originate at the epidermal penetration called the hair follicle. The hair shaft is the part...
4.5K
Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

4.8K
Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
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Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane01:11

Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane

2.4K
Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as 14-3-3 protein and the Hsp70 chaperones that keep these precursors in an unfolded state until their translocation.
Two models describe the mechanism of precursor recognition and entry across the outer membrane through the TOC complex. Model 1 suggests the newly synthesized precursor binds to the TOC receptor 159 and forms a complex.
2.4K
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

2.4K
Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Investigating Outer Hair Cell Motility with a Combination of External Alternating Electrical Field Stimulation and High-speed Image Analysis
09:35

Investigating Outer Hair Cell Motility with a Combination of External Alternating Electrical Field Stimulation and High-speed Image Analysis

Published on: July 18, 2011

13.9K

Outer Hair Cells and Electromotility.

Jonathan Ashmore1

  • 1University College London Ear Institute, London WC1X8EE, United Kingdom.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|September 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Outer hair cells (OHCs) generate force via electromotility, driven by the protein prestin. This review explores recent prestin findings, its transport function, and evolutionary origins in hearing mechanics.

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Outer hair cells (OHCs) are crucial for hearing, acting as cochlear actuators.
  • OHCs generate voltage-dependent forces, a phenomenon known as electromotility.
  • This cellular function is mediated by the protein prestin, belonging to the SLC26 transporter superfamily.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on the protein prestin.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of force generation in OHCs.
  • To explore prestin's structure, function, and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on prestin.
  • Analysis of prestin homologs in nonmammalian species.
  • Examination of prestin's role in OHC electromotility.

More Related Videos

Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats
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Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats

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Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage
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Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage

Published on: February 10, 2023

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Investigating Outer Hair Cell Motility with a Combination of External Alternating Electrical Field Stimulation and High-speed Image Analysis
09:35

Investigating Outer Hair Cell Motility with a Combination of External Alternating Electrical Field Stimulation and High-speed Image Analysis

Published on: July 18, 2011

13.9K
Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats
09:23

Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats

Published on: May 24, 2018

10.1K
Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage
07:13

Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage

Published on: February 10, 2023

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Main Results:

  • Recent studies provide insights into prestin's function and structure.
  • Homologs suggest a potential conformation and transport mechanism for mammalian prestin.
  • Evidence points to prestin's evolutionary adaptation for auditory function.

Conclusions:

  • Prestin is central to OHC electromotility and hearing mechanics.
  • Understanding prestin's structure and evolution is key to deciphering auditory function.
  • Further research on prestin promises advancements in auditory science.