A new antitrypanosomal alkaloid from the Red Sea marine sponge Hyrtios sp

The antitrypanosomally active crude extract of the sponge Hyrtios sp. was subjected to metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESIMS) for dereplication purposes. As a result, a new alkaloid, hyrtiodoline A (1), along with other four known compounds (2-5) were reported. The structures of compounds 1-5 were determined by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS) experiments, as well as comparison to the literature. We further investigated the antitrypanosomal activity of the five compounds, where compound 1 exhibited the most potent antitrypanosomal activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 7.48 µM after 72 h.