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Redefining environmental exposure for disease etiology.

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The blood exposome, encompassing all chemicals in blood, offers a comprehensive way to study environmental exposures and their links to disease. This approach uses advanced metabolomic techniques to identify causal environmental factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Traditional etiological studies of environmental exposures use low-throughput methods, limiting analysis to a few hundred chemicals.
  • Understanding the full spectrum of human exposure to environmental factors is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the concept of the blood exposome as a comprehensive measure of human exposure to environmental factors.
  • To propose a framework for exposome-wide association studies (EWAS) using blood samples.

Main Methods:

  • Defining the blood exposome as the totality of endogenous and exogenous chemicals circulating in blood.
  • Utilizing current metabolomic technologies to analyze archived blood samples.
  • Proposing prospective collection of blood samples at critical life stages for incident disease case-control studies.

Main Results:

  • The blood exposome includes endogenous (proteome, metabolome) and exogenous (diet, pollution, lifestyle) chemicals.
  • Current metabolomic technologies can identify potentially causal exposures from archived blood.
  • Exposome-wide association studies can be conducted by analyzing blood from cases and controls.

Conclusions:

  • The blood exposome represents a powerful paradigm for defining and studying human environmental exposures.
  • Prospective studies and advanced analytical methods are key to unlocking the potential of the blood exposome for disease etiology.
  • This approach can significantly advance our understanding of how environmental factors contribute to human health and disease.