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Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Inflammatory Diseases.

Jong Seong Roh1, Dong Hyun Sohn1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.

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|September 6, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released from damaged cells and activate immune responses. This review explores their pathogenic role in diseases like arthritis, Alzheimer's, and cancer, highlighting DAMPs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Damage-associated molecular patternsInflammationInflammatory diseasesPattern recognition receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released from stressed or necrotic cells.
  • DAMPs interact with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating innate immune responses.
  • While crucial for host defense, DAMPs can also drive pathological inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of DAMPs' roles in various inflammatory diseases.
  • To explore the involvement of specific DAMPs like HMGB1, S100 proteins, and HSPs.
  • To discuss the potential of DAMPs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on DAMPs and inflammatory diseases.
  • Analysis of studies investigating HMGB1, S100 proteins, and HSPs.
  • Examination of evidence linking DAMPs to specific conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cancer.

Main Results:

  • DAMPs are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Elevated levels of specific DAMPs (HMGB1, S100, HSPs) are observed in affected patients.
  • DAMPs contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue damage in conditions like arthritis and atherosclerosis.
  • DAMPs are increasingly recognized for their role in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
  • DAMPs are also implicated in cancer development and progression.

Conclusions:

  • DAMPs play a significant dual role in immunity, contributing to both defense and disease.
  • Targeting DAMPs offers a promising therapeutic strategy for a range of inflammatory and chronic diseases.
  • DAMPs hold potential as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring.