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    This study introduces an analytical tool to calculate phase errors from modulation miscalibration. The developed equations accurately predict errors for amplitude and phase, verified by numeric modeling.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Measurement Science

    Background:

    • Accurate phase error calculation is crucial for signal processing.
    • Miscalibration of modulation parameters can introduce significant phase errors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an analytical apparatus for calculating phase error due to modulation parameter miscalibration.
    • To analyze miscalibration effects on amplitude and start phase in harmonic modulation.
    • To compare conventional and advanced demodulation algorithms regarding phase error immunity.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of analytical equations for phase error calculation.
    • Consideration of harmonic modulation with amplitude and start phase miscalibration.
    • Evaluation of a 4-point least-squares algorithm and a 4+1 algorithm.
    • Verification of analytical predictions using numeric modeling.

    Main Results:

    • The developed analytical apparatus accurately calculates phase error from miscalibrated modulation parameters.
    • The 4+1 algorithm demonstrates high immunity to phase errors compared to the conventional 4-point algorithm.
    • Numeric modeling validates the predictions of the analytical equations.

    Conclusions:

    • The analytical apparatus provides a reliable method for assessing phase error in modulated signals.
    • The 4+1 algorithm offers improved performance in the presence of modulation parameter uncertainties.
    • This work contributes to more robust signal demodulation techniques.