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Age-Related Upper Limits in Physical Performances.

Adrien Marck1,2, Juliana Antero1, Geoffroy Berthelot1

  • 1Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), EA, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP) and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|September 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Maximal physical performance in humans (H. sapiens) shows slight improvements over time but is approaching physiological limits. The gender gap in athletic performance widens significantly after age 50.

Keywords:
Age-related changesAge-related physical performanceMaster athletesMaximal sport performanceUpper limits

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Gerontology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Maximal physical performances serve as key biomarkers for understanding human aging.
  • Previous research has documented age-related performance changes across various species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze decade-by-decade changes in maximal physical performance in humans (H. sapiens) from 1970 to 2017.
  • To investigate the evolution of the gender gap in age-related athletic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 286,916 age-related performances from elite athletes across 10 running and jumping events.
  • Comparison of relative performance changes over time for both men and women.
  • Assessment of age-related sexual dimorphism in maximal physical capabilities.

Main Results:

  • Overall, elite athletic performances showed slight progression across all age groups between 1970 and 2017.
  • The gender gap in maximal performance increased with age, particularly after 50 years.
  • Recent decades indicate a decreased range and frequency in performance progression, suggesting nearing physiological limits.

Conclusions:

  • Human maximal physical performance is approaching its physiological boundaries.
  • Age-related decline in performance is a consistent pattern, with a widening gender gap observed in later life.
  • Continued monitoring is essential to understand the long-term trajectory of human aging and athletic potential.