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Insight into epileptic and physiological déjà vu: from a multicentric cohort study.

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Summary

Epileptic déjà vu (DV) is distinct from physiological experiences, often involving a sense of recognition, fright, and unreality. Specific questionnaire items can differentiate between epileptic and non-epileptic DV in the Italian population.

Keywords:
epilepsyepileptic déjà vuphysiological déjà vu

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The relationship between physiological and epileptic déjà vu (DV) and its epidemiology in Italy remains unclear.
  • Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the epidemiological distribution of DV in Italy.
  • To identify specific features of DV that distinguish epileptic from non-epileptic experiences.

Main Methods:

  • 1000 individuals (457 epilepsy patients, 543 healthy controls) were recruited across 10 Italian neurological clinics.
  • The Italian Inventory for Déjà Vu Experiences Assessment (I-IDEA) and comprehensive epilepsy interviews were used for screening.

Main Results:

  • Epilepsy patients reported 'recognition' more frequently (69%) than controls (7.7%), with higher rates of associated fright and a sense of unreality.
  • A fifth of epilepsy patients experienced recognition during seizures, a key differentiator.
  • Specific I-IDEA questions effectively discriminated between epileptic and non-epileptic DV.

Conclusions:

  • Epileptic DV, characterized by recognition during seizures, is distinguishable from physiological DV.
  • Features like paranormal beliefs, dream recall, and travel frequency correlate with epileptic DV, suggesting visual-memory network involvement.