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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Quantum Optics

Background:

Transition probabilities are key to luminescence processes.
The impact of doping concentration on Er3+:NaGdF4 has not been thoroughly investigated.
Er3+ doped materials are promising for optical sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the radiative transition probabilities of Er3+ in NaGdF4 nanocrystals.
To understand the influence of Er3+ doping concentration on these probabilities.
To validate findings through enhanced upconversion luminescence and thermal sensing.

Main Methods:

Utilized Judd-Oreg theory (J-O theory) to investigate radiative transition probabilities.
Synthesized sub-10 nm Er3+-doped NaGdF4 nanocrystals.
Employed epitaxial growth of inert shells to enhance upconversion luminescence.
Investigated thermal sensing behaviors of the modified nanocrystals.

Main Results:

Transition probabilities of Er3+ in NaGdF4 are concentration-dependent.
The ratio of Er3+ 2H11/2 to 4S3/2 levels is significantly altered by doping concentration.
Epitaxial shell growth led to enhanced upconversion luminescence.
Demonstrated concentration-dependent thermal sensing capabilities.

Conclusions:

Doping concentration critically influences radiative transition probabilities in Er3+:NaGdF4.
The observed changes are particularly relevant for thermally coupled energy levels used in optical thermometry.
Enhanced upconversion and validated thermal sensing confirm the importance of concentration-dependent properties.