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    This study presents a novel two-dimensional vector-bending sensor using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in a seven-core fiber. The sensor accurately reconstructs bending orientation and amplitude with high precision.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Fiber Sensors
    • Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs)
    • Instrumentation and Measurement

    Background:

    • Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) are widely used in sensing applications.
    • Developing accurate two-dimensional (2D) bending sensors remains a challenge.
    • Multi-core fibers offer potential for enhanced sensing capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel 2D vector-bending sensor.
    • To investigate the bending response of FBGs in a seven-core fiber.
    • To develop a method for reconstructing bending orientation and amplitude.

    Main Methods:

    • Simultaneous inscription of seven FBGs in a homogeneous seven-core fiber using a modified Talbot interferometer and lens scanning.
    • Investigating the vector bending response of outer-core FBGs across 360° directions.
    • Reconstructing bending parameters using Bragg wavelength shifts from dual off-diagonal FBGs.

    Main Results:

    • FBGs in the outer cores exhibited '8'-shaped bending sensitivity patterns.
    • Maximum bending sensitivity reached 59.47 pm/m-1.
    • Reconstructed bending amplitude and orientation showed low average relative errors (<4.5% and <2.8%, respectively).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed sensor accurately measures 2D vector bending.
    • The seven-core FBG sensor offers advantages like compactness and fabrication flexibility.
    • Central-core FBG provides temperature compensation capabilities.