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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation
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Published on: November 18, 2015

Morphodynamic evolution following sediment release from the world's largest dam removal.

Andrew C Ritchie1, Jonathan A Warrick2, Amy E East2

  • 1Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. aritchie@usgs.gov.

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|September 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Dam removal released massive sediment, altering the Elwha River and delta. Most sediment went to the coast, causing significant delta growth and changing river morphology.

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Area of Science:

  • Geomorphology
  • River Science
  • Coastal Processes

Background:

  • Sediment pulses cause complex river and coastal changes.
  • Quantifying landscape response to sediment supply is challenging due to unpredictable events.
  • Elwha River dam removal provided a rare opportunity to study a massive sediment pulse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the geomorphic evolution of the Elwha River and its delta following dam removal.
  • To analyze the source-to-sink response to a large-scale sediment perturbation.
  • To establish a 5-year sediment budget and morphodynamic analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Sediment budget analysis over five years.
  • Morphodynamic analysis of river and delta evolution.
  • Measurement of landscape processes and evolution post-dam removal.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 65% of impounded sediment was eroded.
  • ~10% of eroded sediment deposited in the fluvial system, altering channel morphology.
  • ~90% of sediment transported to the coast, resulting in ~60 ha of delta growth.
  • Geomorphic change signals peaked 1-2 years after dam removal.

Conclusions:

  • The Elwha River dam removal served as a unique natural experiment for studying sediment pulse impacts.
  • Riverine and coastal systems exhibited significant, albeit complex, responses to the massive sediment release.
  • The findings highlight the importance of sediment supply in shaping river and delta dynamics.