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Updated: Feb 5, 2026
11:15
Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
Published on: March 20, 2012
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Exercise, energy balance and body composition
1NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. k.westerterp@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|September 7, 2018
Summary
Exercise training impacts energy balance and body composition, especially for sedentary individuals. While initial energy deficits are observed, compensatory eating reduces long-term weight loss, though body fat often decreases.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Metabolic Health
- Body Composition Research
Background:
- Activity-induced energy expenditure is highly variable.
- Exercise training significantly influences daily energy expenditure.
- Understanding exercise effects on energy balance is crucial for weight management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of exercise training on energy balance.
- To analyze changes in body composition following exercise interventions.
- To examine responses in individuals with sedentary or light-active lifestyles.
Main Methods:
- Meta-analysis of 23 exercise training studies.
- Inclusion of normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects.
- Study durations ranged from 2 to 64 weeks.
Main Results:
- Exercise training induced an initial energy imbalance, lower than expected from prescribed exercise.
- A compensatory increase in energy intake likely explains the reduced energy deficit.
- Body fat reduction was observed, particularly in overweight and obese individuals.
- Long-term effects on body weight were minimal.
Conclusions:
- Exercise training improves body composition by reducing body fat.
- Compensatory eating attenuates the impact of exercise on weight loss.
- Individual responses to exercise training are variable and diminish over time.
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